不同植龄啤酒花根际微生物区系的变化及与产量和品质的关系

Microbial populations changes in the rhizosphere of different aged Humulus lupulus and its relation to yield and quality

通过测定22,20,18,8和5年啤酒花农田土壤微生物区系的变化,分析了不同植龄土壤微生物数量及多样性指数与啤酒花产量和品质的关系。结果表明,随着啤酒花植龄的增加,啤酒花根际土壤细菌、放线菌、微生物总数和多样性指数及啤酒花α-酸含量均表现出先增大后减小的趋势,而真菌则一直呈现出增加趋势。与5年植龄的相比,8年植龄的细菌增加了0.37%,而18,20和22年植龄的细菌分别降低了4.25%,10.72%和18.30%,均达到显著差异(除8年外);各植龄的放线菌分别是5年的102.10%,82.23%,74.04%和53.78%,均达到显著差异;真菌分别是5年的136.99%,160.69%,179.77%和194.22%,差异显著;多样性指数分别是5年的106.12%,96.99%,89.85%和89.47%,前三者均达到显著差异;啤酒花α-酸含量分别是5年的100.44%,95.47%,93.14%和90.51%,均达到显著差异(除8年外)。啤酒花α-酸含量与细菌、放线菌数量和多样性指数呈显著正相关,而与真菌数量呈显著负相关关系。随啤酒花植龄的延长,土壤微生物数量的变化,特别是微生物多样性指数的减少,可能是啤酒花品质下降的原因之一。

Microbial population changes in farmland soil of different aged H. lupulus was investigated, and microbial number and diversity index （DI） in soil of different aged H. lupulus and their relation to yields and quality were analyzed. Bacteriam, actinomycetes, total microbe and microbial diversity index initially increased but then declined with further aging, while fungi always increased. Compared with the 5-year H. lupulus, bacteria increased by 0.37% for the 8-year old but decreased by 4.25%,10.72% and 18.30% for the 18, 20, and 22-year old plants respectively. The differences were significant except for the 8-year olds. Other respective changes were that actinomycetes decreased by -2.10%, 17.77%, 25.96% and 46.22%, fungi increased by 36.99%, 60. 69%,79. 77% and 94. 22%, the microbial diversity index increased by 6. 12%, -3. 01%, -10.15% and-10.53% and the α-acid increased by 0.44%,-4.53%,-6.86% and -9.49%. The differences were significant except for the 8-year old plants. The α-acid was significantly negatively correlated with the bacteria, the actinomycetes and the microbial diversity index but was significantly correlated with the fungi. Therefore,the decrease of microbial diversity index with age was one reason why the quality of H. lupulus decreased.