农村剩余劳动力进城就业的经济学分析

Economics Analysis on Rural Surplus Labor Force's Going to Cities for Employment

伴随工业化、城市化和市场化进程的发展,我国出现了大规模的农村剩余劳动力进城务工现象,这种现象对我国经济社会产生了重大影响。从经济学角度出发,运用成本收益方法对农村剩余劳动力进城就业的动力因素进行研究,得出影响农村剩余劳动力进城就业的主要因素是城乡预期收益的差异的结论;同时运用供求理论分析了对输入地的影响,包括对输入地就业的影响、对消费者的影响以及对雇主的影响,认为农村务工人员的流入对城市居民就业产生一定替代效应,但同时也给另一部份人带来正面效应,限制农村剩余劳动力进城就业的政策并不一定是明智之举。

With the development of industrialization, urbanization and marketlization, massive surplus rural labor force hunt jobs in cities of China, which has a significant impact on our economic society. This paper applies cost - benefit approach to analyze the motivating factors of the rural surplus labor force＇ s going to cities for employment, concludes that the major factor is the difference of anticipated profits between the urban and rural, in the meanwhile, it discusses its impact on the cities under the framework of the supply and demand theory, including the effects on citie＇ s employment, consumers and employers, with the conclusion that the policy on restriction of the rural surplus labor foroe＇s going to cities for employment is not a wise choice.