婴幼儿孤独症患者亲子依恋类型及影响因素分析

The Characters of Infant-fosterer Attachment in Young Autistic Children

目的:探讨婴幼儿孤独症患者对母亲的依恋类型及可能影响因素。方法:采用陌生情境实验法对187例14～36个月的婴幼儿孤独症患者的依恋性质进行测试并临床判断依恋类型。同时应用孤独症治疗评估量表(ATEC)和问卷调查评估患儿孤独症严重性程度及其家庭因素。结果:①婴幼儿孤独症患者对养育者的四种依恋类型分布比例分别为:淡漠型66.84%、安全型7.49%、缠人型3.21%、混乱型22.50%。②安全型依恋患儿ATEC量表总分值明显低于淡漠型和混乱型依恋患儿(P=0.000,0.008);孤独症患儿母亲文化程度、家庭经济收入水平、父母婚姻关系、父母教养方式与孤独症患儿亲子依恋类型分布无明显相关性(P均>0.05)。结论:婴幼儿孤独症患者对养育者的依恋类型主要属淡漠型和混乱型依恋,安全型依恋较少;患儿孤独症严重性程度是其安全型依恋形成与否的影响因素。

Objective： To explore the influence factors and the characters of infant - mother attachment of young autistic children. Methods： ＂Strange situation＂essay was used to assess the characters of attachment in 187 young autistic children of 14 to 36 months. And the children were surveyed using Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist （ATEC） and an self-formulated questionnaire of infants＇family related factors. Results： ①Among 187 infants, 7.49% were secure-type , 92.51% were insecure-type which included 66.84% of indifferent-type, 3.21% of importunate-type, and 22.50% of disorganized-type. ②The total scores of ATEC in autistic children of secure-type were significantly lower than those of indifferent-type and disorganized-type （P=0.000,0.008）; There was not positive correlation between family related factors and attachment type（P〉0.05 ）. Conclusion： Most young autistic children were insecure-type included indifferent-type and disorganized-type. The severity of autism was influence factor involved in the characters of infant-mother attachment.