科学检验的复杂性探析——兼谈科学是否是真理

A probing study of the complexity of science verification——concurrently discussing"whether science is truth or not"

科学通常由四个部分组成,科学事实;用猜测的原因对科学事实进行解释;推演出相应的定律、公式、预言等;对这些定律、公式、预言等进行严格检验。无论从理论上还是从实际情况看,运用观察或实验方法对科学进行严格检验都涉及到非常复杂的认识论问题。这些问题包括:经验事实并没有完全的客观性;相同的经验事实可以证明不同的科学假说;观察或实验本身是可错的;"后件为真(假),前件亦为真(假)"的科学检验原则无逻辑依据。因此在自然科学领域,科学检验是一个非常复杂的问题。

Science is usually composed of four parts： （ 1 ） scientific facts; （2） the explanations to the scientific facts by guesstimated causes; （3）deducing out the relevant laws, formulas and predictions from these guesstimated causes as the premises; （4）strictly verif- ying these laws, formulas and predictions. No matter what viewing from theory or from the reality, strictly verifying science by the method of observation or experiment is related to the very complicated problems of epistemology. These problems are： first, the experience facts do not posses utter objectivity; second, the same experience facts can verify different science hypotheses; third, observation or experiment itself may be incorrect; fourth, the principle of verifying science of that if the conclusion is true（ or false）, its premise is true（ or false） too has no logic foundation. Therefore, in the field of natural science scientific verification is a very complicated problem.