油茶高产栽培系列技术研究——配方施肥试验

Study of High Yield Cultivation Technologies of Oil-Tea Camellia(Camellia oleifera)——Formulate Fertilization

以油茶优良无性系成林和幼林为材料,通过随机区组和正交试验,结果表明配方施肥对油茶优良无性系成林和幼林产果量增加均有不同程度的促进作用。油茶成林对产果量最大的影响因子是施肥总量,其次是微量元素肥、施肥频率和施肥配比;较合理的施肥配比组合应为:施肥总量(200 kg.hm-2)+微量元素肥(Zn 10 g.株-1)+施肥频率(连续3年施肥)+施肥配比(5∶1∶5),增产幅度可达58.69%。油茶成林鲜果出籽率最大影响因子是微量元素肥、其次是施肥总量,施肥配比和施肥频率;而每500 g鲜果数最大影响因子是施肥配比、其次是微量元素肥、施肥频率和施肥总量等因子;油茶优良无性系新造幼林施肥也能明显提高油茶单株产果量,其中以间年施肥、每年施肥量为N∶P2O5∶K2O为2∶1∶2;平均单株产果量达1.16 kg,比对照增产136.4%。增施磷肥能明显促进油茶幼林早期挂果。配方施肥对油茶幼林鲜果出籽率没有明显的影响。

Formulate fertilization was employed on both young and grown plantation of oil-tea camellia （ Camellia ole- ifera） superior clone by random section or orthogonal trial. The results showed that conspicuous positive effects were appeared on the average fruit yearly capacity with 9 kinds of formulate fertilization. The influence sequence to the grown plantation was fertilization amount（200 kg · hm^-2） 〉 microelement（ Zn 10 g per plant） 〉 fertilized frequency （uninterrupted fertilization） 〉 compound of N： P205： K20 （5：1：5 ）, while to the young plantation was alternant year fertilization with compound of N： P205：K20 （2： 1：2） , the fruit yield reached 1.16 kg per plant and 136.4% higher to the control. It also showed that the phosphorus fertilization could affect the fruit yield, while the formulate fertili- zation didn＇ t affect the fresh seed percentage of the young plantation.