学龄前儿童血压的影响因素分析

The Factorial Study on Blood Pressure in Preschool Children

目的：探讨学龄前儿童血压的影响因素。方法：2003年7月整群抽取某市3个乡镇的1245名3～6岁的学龄前儿童为对象，血压由专业人员测量，并对有关内容进行问卷调查。结果；单因素分析显示儿童的年龄、身高、体重、脉搏、出生体重、家庭人均收入、父母亲的文化程度、父亲职业儿童吃水果情况、刷牙、饭前洗手情况、母亲血压等因素与儿童血压有关（P〈0．05）；多因素分析显示父亲职业、住房类型儿童低出生体重儿童的刷牙情况及父亲的高血压史与儿童血压有关（P〈0．05），且儿童的身高、脉搏以及家庭的人均收入进入了多元线性回归方程。结论：儿童自身的生长发育、孕期营养不良、遗传、家庭的经济状况、生活环境及儿童的行为与卫生习惯对儿童血压产生影响。高血压的预防应从儿童时期开始，而提倡孕期合理营养、合理地改善家庭状况及养成合理的儿童行为方式对预防高血压具有重要意义。

Objective： To explore the affecting factors of blood pressure in children. Methods： 1245 preschool children aged 3-6 in three districts of the city of Anhui provience were investigated in July, 2003, using a clustered random sampling methods. Professional measured the blood pressure and made the questionnaire at the same time. Results.. By monfactorial analysis, the blood is probably related with age , stature, weight ,pulse, birth weight, average income of the family, parents education, father＇s profession, the frequency of eating fruits , brushing tooth and washing hands, and fathers hypertension history（P〈0. 05）. multiple linear regression analysis shows that stature , pulse and average income are entered the equation. While, the thickness of sebum, age and time span of mother pregnancy, the way of delivery and the source of potable water aren＇t related with the blood pressure in preschool children. Conclusions： Such factors as status of chldren＇s upgrowth, lack of nutrition during pregnancy, inheritance, economy status of the family, environment, deeds and hygienic, have effect on the blood pressure in preshool children. Preventation of hypertension should be conducted from children. There is great significance for preventing hypertension by advocating proportional nutrition during pregnance, improving economy status and developing children＇s good habits.