广州市社区产妇产褥期抑郁、焦虑的发生情况及其危险因素

An investigation on the incidence of postpartum depression and anxiety and its influencing factors in Guangzhou city

目的:了解广州市产妇产褥期的抑郁、焦虑状况及其危险因素。方法:采用专门设计的社会人口学调查表、流行病学调查使用的抑郁自评量表(CES-D)、焦虑自评量表(SAS),按照整群分层抽样法,对广州市5个老城区32个街道的产后3个月内的1 662名产妇进行调查,筛查标准采用调查量表国内常模。结果:①产褥期抑郁筛查率为17.56%(225/1 281),产褥期焦虑筛查率为10.35%(133/1 285);②近郊区的产妇产褥期抑郁、焦虑发生率高,经多元逐步回归分析,居住条件困难,经济条件差、孕次、助产、缺乏社会支持等生活事件与产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪明显有关(P<0.05)。结论:产褥期产妇抑郁、焦虑状态发生率较高,是产褥期精神综合征中最常见的一种类型;产后2周是抑郁、焦虑情绪的高发生时段;心理、生理、社会因素与产褥期抑郁、焦虑情绪明显相关,应列入孕产期精神卫生服务与研究的重点。

Objective： To explore the incidence of postpartum depression and anxiety and its related factors in Guangzhou city. Methods： 1 662 women were investigated by using CES - D, SAS and self - made inventory in three months after giving birth. The data were screen with Chinese norm. Results： （ 1 ） The incidence of postpartum depression was 17.5 % （225/1 281 ） ; The incidence of postpaxtum anxiety was 10. 4 % （ 133/1 285 ）. （2） The incidence of postpartum depression and anxiety in the women of living birth in the suburb was high; The result of multiple step regression showed that the high risk factors of postpartum depression and anxiety were low living condition and income, history of abortion, helped giving birth, lacking social support, and life events （P 〈0. 05） . Conclusion： The incidence of postpartum depression and anxiety is high. Two weeks after giving birth is high risk period of postpartum depression and anxiety. The postpartum depression and anxiety are related with psychological and social factors significantly, and should be placed on the emphases of intervention and research in the pregnant and postpartum time.