试论科学知识、技术知识与工程知识

On the Scientific Knowledge,the Technical Knowledge and the Engineering Knowledge

本文首先通过对实证主义知识论的批判来建构立足于生活实践的知识论立场,在科学、技术、工程三元论的架构下,沿着知识论的两个基本追问——何谓知识?知识何以可能?即知识基于什么样的活动得以产生的追问,来分析已往科学知识、技术知识、工程知识的研究在流行的知识论框架下存在的问题与缺失。从立足于生活实践的知识论立场看,科学知识作为描述性知识,其目标与意图就是在于理解世界,描述世界的存在方式;技术知识作为行动的程序性和规范性知识,其目的在于解决实践过程中"做什么"和"怎样做"的问题;而工程知识作为造物行动中的情境化知识,其目的在于人工物在现实中的成功建造。三者有着本质的区别,但存在着十分紧密的联系。

The paper firstly by the critical to positivism knowledge to build on the position of knowledge based on the life practice, with the ternary elements in science, technology and engineering, along the two basic questions on knowledge - what the knowiedge is and how it is possible？ Namely the question is the examination of the knowledge based on of what kind of activities, to analyze the existing problem and shortcoming about the study of previous scientific knowledge and technical expertise, engineering knowledge under the framework of the popular knowledge. From the position of knowledge based on the llfe practice, the scientific knowledge took as the descriptive knowledge, its goal and the intention is lies on the understanding world, the description the way of world existence; the technical knowledge took as the motion the procedural nature and the standard knowledge, its goal lies on the solution of the question in the practice process ＂makes any＂ and ＂how does＂; but the engineering knowledge took as the plight knowledge, its goal lies on the artificial successful construction in the boundary territory. The three is the different in nature, but meantime is the extremely close relationship.