无机溶液对土壤侵蚀的影响

Effects of Inorganic Solutions on Soil Erosion

为探索水土流失的影响因素,防治水土流失,采用自制水土冲刷试验装置,通过平行对比模拟试验,研究了无机盐和无机酸碱溶液对土壤侵蚀的影响规律。结果表明,无机盐溶液对土壤侵蚀作用大小与盐溶液的种类、浓度有关,在溶液中的阴离子相同的条件下,溶液的阳离子不同,冲刷的产沙量不一样,盐溶液浓度变化对土壤侵蚀的影响规律可分为四种:上升型、下降型、波峰型和波谷型。无机酸碱溶液对土壤侵蚀作用大小与酸、碱种类有关,H2SO4,HNO3的产沙量大,H3PO4,HCl的产沙量小;NaOH,KOH的产沙量大,Ca(OH)2,NH3.H2O的产沙量小;碱溶液对土壤的冲刷产沙量远大于酸溶液的产沙量,酸、碱溶液的产沙量均比清水大。

To further realize the influencing factors of soil erosion and to prevent water and soil loss, indoor simulative experiments with self-designed scouring apparatus were carried out to look into the effect of inorganic solu- tions on soil erosion. The results showed the effects of inorganic salt solutions on soil erosion were related with inorganic salts ingredients and their concentration. In the case of the same anion, the inorganic salt solutions with different cations led to different scouring sediment yield. The influence of inorganic salt solutions concentration on scouring sediment yield were subjected to the ingredients of inorganic salts, on which there were four types of in- fluencing law, upwards, downwards, wave peak pattern, and wave valley pattern. Besides, the effects of inorganic acid and alkali solutions on soil erosion were related with their types. H2SO4, HNO3 solutions yielded larger soil sediment than HCl and H3PO4 solutions, and NaOH, KOH solutions more than Ca（OH）2 and NH3 ·H2O. In addition, alkali solutions eroded soil more seriously than acid solutions, and acid solutions caused more serious soil erosion than water.