莆仙方言的入声舒化现象考察

An Observation of the Laxation of Rusheng Rhyme in Puxian Dialect

处于闽东和闽南交界地界的莆仙话是闽东话对闽南话长期影响和渗透的产物,但往往体现出其自身独立发展演变的特征。入声舒化现象是莆仙方言最具有研究价值的特征之一,即部分白读的入声已舒声化,阳入白读混入阳平,阴入白读混入阳去。这种分化以文白读和古韵摄为条件。其产生于一百多年前,产生原理是喉塞韵尾-弱化消失,音节延长,单独成调,在语言系统的经济性原则的作用下,并入调值和调类相近的舒声类。这种入声调的演变过程在闽语的其他方言点及南部吴语和徽语中也同样存在。

Puxian（ Putian and Xianyou） dialect locating between Mindong （East Fujian） and Minnan （South Fujian） is the outcome of the long and penetrative influence of Mindong dialects on Minnan dialects over centuries. However, Puxian dialect acquires identities in the forming of its identification, the most valuable of which is rhyme laxation, i.e. a part of Rusheng in the spoken dialect became lax, Yangru rhyme interfused Yangping rhyme, and Yinru rhyme interfused Yangqu rhyme. This polarization is predicated on the written and spoken language and the archaic Yunshe, a phenomenon took shape a hundred years ago on the principle that the House rhyme tail has weakened or disappeared, the syllable has been prolonged to be a tone itself, and, manipulated by the Economy Principle of language system, some shade into the lax category that is close in pitch and category. This evolution also happens to other Min dialects, South Wu dialects and Hui dialects.