美国少数民族职业指导模式新近发展

The Latest Development of Career Counseling Modes for the American Minority Ethnic Groups

少数民族在美国人口和职场中日益具有重要意义,但在接受职业指导服务方面却总体处于劣势。原因之一是,经典职业指导模式都是基于欧美白人的文化价值观。社会认知职业理论、种族/性别生态模式和系统理论框架说明,民族文化与职业心理和生涯发展密切相关。文化取向的职业干预模式、整合-序列概念框架模式、建构主义多元文化职业指导模式和文化适宜职业指导模式,进一步指导实践操作。这些成果有历史进步性,不可忽视其局限,要加强我国本土研究。

The ethnic minority population play a a great role in work fields in USA, but generally they are in an inferior situation when they take career counseling service. One of the causes is that the traditional career counseling models are based on the Euro -American White cultural values. The social cognitive career theory, race/gender ecological theory prove that racial and ethic culture has a close relation to career psychology and career development. Culture - oriented career interventions,integrative - sequential conceptual framework, constructivism in career counseling and culturally appropriate counseling model further to guide the career counseling practice. These research results have historical progress, but also have its limits, so the local study should be strengthened.