浅议18世纪中叶至19世纪中叶沙俄对哈萨克草原的侵吞和哈萨克人民的抵抗

On the Tsarist Russian Embezzlement to the Kazak Grassland and the Resistance of Kazak People

17世纪末,沙皇俄国的彼得大帝,开始大刀阔斧的改革,短短几十年,使俄国从一个几近被边缘化的国家一跃而成为欧洲强国。强大起来的沙俄,沙文主义泛滥,民族扩张主义横行。在完成对欧洲方面的扩张以后,又把侵略的目光投向了中亚的哈萨克大草原,试图打通通向南亚印度洋沿岸的通道。从18世纪中叶到19世纪中叶的100多年里,沙俄通过收买部分哈萨克部落的上层贵族和血腥的武力征伐,逐步吞并了哈萨克大草原。在此期间,哈萨克人民从没有停止对沙俄侵略的反抗与斗争,武装起义此起彼伏,涌现出阿布赉大汗、伊萨泰、肯尼萨尔、江霍加、伊斯特等抗击沙俄侵略的民族英雄。

At the end of the 17th century,Peter,the great emperor of the Tsarist Russia,began his sweeping reforms in Russia.In a few decades,Russia turned to a powerful nation from a hardly marginalized country.After Russia became powerful,the Chauvinism and national exansionism had run amok over the whole nation.After completing the wxpansion in Europe,it immediately turned its sight at the great Kazak grassland,and tried to get through the passage leading to the South Asia and across the Indian Ocean.During more than 100 years from the 18th centural mediam-term to the 19th centural mediam-term,the Tsarist Russia had annexed the great Kazak grassland gradually by bribing parts of the upper nobility of Kazak tribal and conquering by force.During this period,Kazak people never stopped resisting against the ivasion of Russia.And the armed revolt come one after another,in which,some national heroes who fought against the invasion springe,such as Emperor Abuly,Yisatai,Kennisaer,Jianghuojia and Estey,etc.