非形式推理的研究及展望

The Study of Informal Reasoning and Its Prospect

非形式推理目前被界定为对结构不良的、用自然语言表述的、没有固定答案的、需要进行归纳的问题的推理,推理的结果是个体对问题形成一定的态度和观点。已有研究探讨了非形式推理的一般特征、衡量标准、影响推理的个体特征,以及学生非形式推理能力的培养方式等问题。作者认为开展非形式推理及其影响因素的研究将促进人格特征与认知关系的研究,并有广泛的教育意义,同时提出了有待深入研究的课题。

Informal reasoning underlies attitudes and opinions, involves ill-structured problems that have no definite solution, and often involves inductive （rather than deductive） reasoning problems. Some studies have investigated the general characteristic, measurement criteria,personalty characteristic and education pattern of informal reasoning. Informal reasoning is a kind of common reasoning pattern that is related to personality characteristics. The study of informal reasoning and its affecting factors will accelerate the research of the relationship between personality characteristics and cognition, and have profound singificance for education. Topics for further research are put forward in the paper.