菜田蜘蛛群落组成及生态位分析

Structure and Niche of Spider Community in Vegetable Field

根据2006年5月至8月对蕃茄、茄子、豆角、青椒、尖椒及油菜共6种蔬菜田蜘蛛种类及数量的系统调查,经初步整理鉴定,隶属于9科19属27种。通过时空二维生态位分析,星豹蛛的二维宽度最大,草间钻头蛛和齿螯额角蛛的二维重叠值最大。应用模糊聚类法对群落的相似性进行分析,以λ=0.68为聚类阈值,可将9种菜田优势种蜘蛛划分为1个明显竞争群及3个分离种。以λ=0.9736为聚类阈值,可将菜田蜘蛛时间序列分为5月份,6、7月份和8月份3个状态集,即蜘蛛群落建立、发展和瓦解3个阶段。

The structure and niche of spider community in Tomatoes, eggplant, beans, green pepper, pimiento and rape vegetable field was investigated. The results showed that the spider community was abundant, which included 9 families, 19 genus and 27 species. Through spatial-temporal niche analysis, Pardosa astrigera had the widest temporal and spatial niche breadth, Erigonidium graminicola and Gnathonarium dentatum had the largest temporal and spatial niche overlap. According to fuzzy cluster analysis of two dimensional similar index of spiders, nine kinds of spiders in vegetable field were divided into one competing specie and three separated species （clustering threshold is λ=0.68）; four mouths of spider investigation time in vegetable field were divided into three stages （clustering threshold is λ=0.973 6）, namely establishment, development and collapse.