籼型两系杂交水稻稻米品质性状的配合力及遗传力分析

Analysis on Combining Ability and Heritability of Appearance and Milling Quality Traits in Two-Line Indica Hybrid Rice

用我国新近育成的10个光温敏核不育系和5个优良恢复系按NCⅡ设计,对籼型两系杂交稻外观品质和加工品质9项指标的配合力及遗传力进行了分析。结果表明:①除出糙率的非加性效应不显著外,其它米质性状的加性和非加性效应均有显著作用,其中粒长、粒宽、粒厚、长宽比、出糙率、精米率、整精米率以加性效应为主,垩白率和垩白度以非加性效应为主。②F1大多数外观品质和加工品质受恢复系的影响比不育系大,仅垩白率受不育系的影响更大。③不育系以208S、GD-7S、GD-8S和Y3较好,恢复系以953077选籼最好,其后是扬稻6号和宁108。④9项主要性状遗传力大小依次为:长宽比、粒长、粒宽、粒厚、出糙率、整精米率、精米率、垩白度、垩白率。

The combining ability and heritability of nine appearance and milling quality traits in two- line indica hybrid rice were studied based on NC Ⅱ mating design by using 10 newly developed pho- to-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice （PTGMS） and 5 elite restorers. The results were as follows： （1） Both additive and nonadditive effects were significant in nine appearance and milling quality traits except brown rice rate （BRR）, in which nonadditive effects was insignificant. The additive effect was principal in milled rice length （MRL）, milled rice width （MRW）, milled rice thickness （MRT）, ratio of kernel rice length to width （L/W）, brown rice rate （BRR）, milled ricfi rate （MRR） and head milled rice rate （HMRR）. However, chalky rice percentage （CR） and chalkyarea percentage（CA） were mainly controlled by noadditive effects. （2） Of all nine appearance and milling quality traits in F1, most of them were influenced more greatly by restore lines than PT- GMS, only CR was influenced more greatly by PTGMS than restore lines. （3） Based on the analysis on combining ability, it was suggested that 208S, GD-7S, GD-8S and Y3 were excellent among the tested ten sterile lines, and it was possible to use them to obtain some combinations with good grain quality by screening large numbers of combinations; the best restore line was 953077, then Yangdao 6, and Ning108. （4） The order of HN^2. in the nine appearance and milling quality traits was： L/W 〉 MRL 〉 MRW 〉 MRT 〉 BRR 〉 HMRR 〉 MRR 〉 CA 〉 CR .