浙江省杨梅产地环境条件评价及无公害生产关键措施

Evaluation of pollution-free Myrica rubra production in Zhejiang Province

从无公害杨梅Myrica rubra生产层面分析了产地土壤条件,果实安全质量以及生产组织的实施和关键措施,探讨浙江省无公害杨梅生产现状。结果表明,检测的产地土壤未检出农药残留,除部分产地未检出汞外,6种重金属均能检出,各元素平均质量分数从大到小排列顺序为铅、铬、砷、铜、镉、汞,但其污染指数大小排列却是镉、铬、铅、砷、汞、铜。除个别样点汞超标外,97.14%的样点符合无公害土壤质量规定的要求。果实中镉、砷和铜均能检出,有1/3样品未检出汞,个别未检出铅。2批样果品中分别有94.12%和90.70%样品符合水果元素国家标准。超标的样品中均为镉占首位,其次为铅。这些样点多在乡镇工业发达产区和公路干线附近。果实重金属污染指数大小排名为铅、镉、砷、铬、汞、铜,与土壤污染指数排列顺序相似。果实中重金属元素污染指数与土壤对应污染指数的大小有一定相关。无公害生产关键:园地应远离污染源,避免被动污染;严格规范施肥、用药和无公害生产规定。

Soil condition （pesticide residue and heavy metals concentration ） and heavy metals concentration in Myrica rubra （China baybeny ） fruits were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer PE-5000 and atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer AFS-1201 to understand the actual production of pollution-free Myrica rubra fruits. 35 soil samples collected in Cixi, Huangyan, Wenzhou, Yuyao, Linhai, Xianju, Wencheng and Shangyu of Zhejiang Province, and the fruit samples were collected Ninghai, Yueqing, Xiaoshan, Lanxi of Zhejiang Province except of the above plots, including two batches. Most sample spots were at the side of a town industry region and highways. The pollution index equals to determined value divided by limited value. Results showed that in the soil, pesticide residue was undetected with six heavy-metals （Cd, Pb, As, Cr, Hg, and Cu） being discovered in most production regions. Average content of the heavy-metal in the soil was ranked in the order of Pb 〉 Cr 〉 As 〉 Cu 〉 Cd 〉 Hg, while the pollution index wasCd 〉 Cr 〉 Pb 〉 As 〉 Hg 〉 Cu. The percentage of 97.14% of the samples in the production regions met the pollution-free soil quality standard. However, in all of the fruit samples, Cd, As, and Cu were detected; in most Pb was found; and in two-thirds Hg was present. In the research, 94.12% and 90.70% of the two batch samples accorded with the national fruit standard. The max/mum heavy-metal in the soil samples that was above the standards was Cd followed by Pb. Planting site avoided pollution, normative fertilization and pesticide applications were necessary in the production of pollution-free M. rubra fruits. [Ch, 3 tab. 8 ref.]