从考古发现看襄阳古城的历史变迁

The Historical Changes in the Old Xiangyang City in Archaeology

襄阳的得名有因襄山而名说和因襄水而名说。襄阳的南、西有山,却不见北部有山,主襄山说难以成立。襄水说又分汉水说和襄水说。而考古所见,在今襄阳城南的山上直至汉水边,西周以后的遗迹基本连成片,几乎没有中断,可见襄阳因汉水得名同样不成立;襄水就是今天的南渠,又称襄渠,它正好位于襄阳城的南面,从水、城的相对位置和文献记载看,襄水是襄阳城得名的依据。考古发现证实,今襄阳城区域战国时期确实有人类生活的迹象。襄阳城所在的地理位置及历史的发展过程决定了其军事地位的重要性,从而奠定了襄阳建城的基础。西汉前期襄阳城以县级治所出现,并逐步得到发展。东晋以后襄阳城基本定型,并与现有城区基本重合。襄阳城经历由居民点,到军事据点和堡垒,到县、郡级治所,到大州首府,再到一般地级行政区划首府的发展历程。

Some people hold that Xiangyang was name because of Mount. Xiang, but others hold that it was named because of rivers（including Han River and Xiang River） in Xiangfan City. There are hills in the south and the north, but there is no hills in the north, therefore the first viewpoint is unreliable. According to the archaeology, from the south of present hill of Xiangyang to the bank of Han River, the remains since Xizhou Dynasty is continuous, so the point that Xiangyuang was named because of Han River is also reliable. How about Xiang Water？ Xiang Water is today＇s Southern Canal, also named Xiang Canal , and it locates the south of Xiangyang City. From the relative position and the records of literature, Xiang River is the proof with which Xiangyang City was named. It was proved by the archaeology that in War Period there are some people living the present Xiangyang City. Xiangyang City＇s geological position and it＇s historical development decided it＇s importance in the military field, accordingly, forming the basis of building the city. Xiangyang City experienced the process from inhabiting site to military spot, to castle , to county and prefecture ,to the capital of big state ,and last, to the capital of ordinary district.