适体传感器研究新进展

Current development of aptamer-based sensors

适体是通过指数富集配体系统进化技术从人工构建的随机单链寡核苷酸文库里筛选出来的寡核苷酸片段,它不仅具有类似抗体对目标分子如蛋白质、氨基酸、药物或无机离子等的高特异性和高亲和力的优点,而且具有分子量小、结构简单、易合成和可进行连接性修饰,反应速度快、可反复使用和长期保存等优点。近年来,适体传感器的研究十分活跃。该文简要介绍了适体的特点,重点评述了2003年以来适体传感器的研究进展。

Aptamers are oligonucleotides selected by SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) in vitro and can bind with their target proteins, oligonucleotides or other small molecules with significantly high specificity and affinity. The characteristics of the aptamers and the aptamer-based sensors were presented. The current development of the aptamer-based sensors including optical and electrochemical types since 2003 was extensively reviewed. The trend of the aptamer-based sensors was discussed.