摘要
I. Problem and Background This paper makes use of the data from the rural household survey of 2004 to analyze the characteristics of the poor in rural China and the factors causing poverty. Since the initiation of reform, the number of those in absolute poverty in rural areas has fallen from 250 million in 1978 to 23.65 million in 2005, with a corresponding fall in the occurrence of poverty from 30.7% to 2.5%. China＇s success in rural poverty reduction has drawn world attention.
本文利用2004年农村住户问卷调查数据分析中国农村贫困人口的特征和致贫因素。调查结果显示,缺少劳动力、残疾患病以及家庭依赖成员多是农村贫困家庭的一些显著特征,而农村社会救助制度则由于资金的制约效果有限。文章认为,基于经济体制改革的激励作用和开发式扶贫的农村反贫困政策已经很难惠及这部分贫困人口,中国农村的反贫困政策需要在增加中央转移支付的基础上,以建立一个覆盖全部农村人口的医疗保障制度为优先发展的方向,在此基础上实施针对绝对贫困人口的社会救助制度。
