城市声景观(英文)

Urban Soundscape

简要叙述了一系列关于城市声景评价、模拟以及预测的综合研究,这些研究特别着眼于城市公共开放空间.其中声景评价重点研究各种声学、环境、社会、人口、心理、文化和行为因素对声景质量的影响,以及描述声景的主要因素,这部分研究主要建立在一系列在欧洲和中国进行的声景调查的基础上.发展了计算小尺度城市区域的声场模拟模型,包括基于声能的虚声源法、声线追踪法、radjosity法、声线追踪/radiosity综合法,以及城市声场可听化技术,然后利用这些模型对小尺度城市区域的声场基本特征以及建筑设计和城市规划的作用进行了分析.最后,运用人工神经网络技术以及序数逻辑回归技术,提出了一个预测声景质量的模型工具,其输入包括设计的空间和声源情况以及使用者的社会、人口及行为特点等.

This paper summarises a series of integrated approaches to urban soundscape evaluation, simulation and prediction, with a particular attention to urban open public spaces. The soundscape evaluation focuses on the effects of various acoustical, environmental, social, demographical, psychological, cultural and behavioural factors, as well as the main factors that characterise the soundscape, and the investigations are mainly based on the soundscape surveys in Europe and China. The simulation models, which are proposed for the calculation of the sound fields of micro-scale urban areas, include energy-based image source methods, ray-tracing, radiosity model, a combined ray-tracing and radiosity model, as well as techniques for urban acoustic animation/auralisation. By using the simulation models, the basic characteristics of sound fields and the effects of architectural changes and urban design options are examined. Finally, by using the artificial neural networks method as well as the ordinal logistic regression techniques, a prediction tool for soundscape quality is developed, with known design conditions, such as the physical features of a space and the social, demographical and behavioural characterises of the users, as the inputs.