室内声场之混响时间与声源特性对空间声源定位的影响(英文)

Effects of Reverberation Time and Sound Source Characteristics on Sound Localization in an Indoor Sound Field

根据Morimoto(1989年)的报告,当考虑厅堂中空间感声定位的影响时,混响声能(T_(60)=0.3、0.9s)可视为早期反射音声能(延迟为80、160ms)来探讨,但音乐样本仅限于莫扎特第41交响乐第4乐章.为证明空间声源定位的敏感性取决于音乐的结构特性,文中以样本A(Royal Pavane by Gibbon,τ_e=127ms)、样本B(Sinfonietta,Opus 48;Ⅳmovement;Allegro con brio by Arnold,τ_e=35ms)和样本S(Speech,female,τ_e=23ms)为音乐样本,根据Y.Ando的声场设计理论——理想混响时间的决定因素是声源自相关函数的有效时延(τ_e),将混响时间设为短(0.3s)、中(0.9s)及长(2.0s)混响.12位受试者判断的声源定位,通过正态分布标度法在两个水平刺激角中加以确定.结果表明,声源样本A的准确度最高,而样本S最低(p<0.01),这主要是由于它们的τ_e不同造成的,即声源样本之间混响声声像定位感的显著差别将对人的声源空间感产生影响.至于混响时间,文中未发现其对空间感的影响有所不同.

According to the reports by Morimoto （ 1989 ）, when regarding the influences of the sound localization of spatial perception in a hall, the reverberation energy （ T60 =0. 3, 0. 9s） may be treated as the first reflection energy （ with tbe delay time of 80 and 160 ms）. However, the selection of music is exclusively limited to using Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart＇s Symphony No. 41, Movement Ⅳ as a music source. In order to prove that the sensitivities to spatial impression of sound localization depend on the structural characteristics of music, other three sound sources including Motif A （ Royal Pavane by Gibbon, τe = 127ms）, Motif B （ Sinfonietta, Opus 48; Ⅳ movement; Allegro con brio by Arnold, τe = 35 ms） and Motif S （Speech, female, τe = 23 ms） were adopted. According to the sound field design theory described by Ando, the determining factor of an ideal reverberation time length lies in the effective delay of autocorrelation function （τe） of sound sources. The reverberation time of the experiments was set as： short （0. 3 s）, medium （0. 9s） and long （2.0s）, respectively. The judgments of the apparent sound localization were responded from 12 participants in the way of scaling using a normal distribution between two horizontal stimuli angles. Tbc results show that Motif A obtains the highest accuracy level while the Motif S hits the lowest （p 〈0. 01 ）. The primary reason is the difference in τe proposed by Ando （ 1983 ）, namely, the significant difference in sensation of reverberate image between motifs has an influence on human＇s auditory spatial perception of sound source. Furthermore, with respect to the reverberation time, no difference in spatial perception influence was obtained here.