湖北天门笑城城址发掘报告

EXCAVATIONS ON THE XIAOCHENG CITY-SITE IN TIANMEN CITY,HUBEI PROVINCE

笑城城址位于湖北省天门市皂市镇笑城村二、四组境内。地理坐标东经113°18＇37．7＂，北纬30°50＇59．2＂。距天门市区36．4公里，距皂市镇7．5公里（图一）。城址地处山地向平原过渡的丘陵地带熊家岭岗地南端，海拔高程在26—29．5米之间，东、南、西三面地势较低，海拔高程为20—22米。岗地南北长约1公里，东西宽约0．5公里。姚家河自西而东从城址南侧流入新皂市河。

The Xiaocheng city-site lies at the second and fourth communities of Xiaocheng Village in Zaoshi Town, Tianmen City, Hubei Province, 36.4 km apart from Tianmen City proper and 7. 5 km apart from Zaoshi Town, and is one of the major ancient city-sites so far recorded in Hubei. Excavations there have revealed layers of the Zhou, Shijiahe and Qujialing cultures. The site faces to the south and has an L-shaped plan, measuring 250-360 m from the west to the east and 156-305 m from the north to the south and occupying an area of about 98,000 sq m, of which about 630,000 sq m are within the city walls. As known from surveys, the site is surround by a moat on the northern side and a lake on other three, which affirms the record that the city was encircled with a lake on three sides and a moat on the other one. The cultural layers revealed within the city are generally about 1. 1 m thick, and the remains of city-walls are about 1.1-3 m thick. The stratigraphic evidence in TG1 （eastern city-wall） suggests that the city walls were built roughly in two phases. The first phase belongs to the late Qujialing period; the remains measure about 23 m in base width and 0.60-1.6 m in height. The unearthed objects include a great amount of pottery, in which gray clay ware comes first, polished black ware next and painted pottery occur in a small quantity, and the jar, mug and bowl constitute the main types. The second phase dates from the late Western Zhou to the mid Spring-and-Autumn period. The city-walls of that time were built on those of the first phase; the remains are about 14.5 m wide and 0.20 1.6 m high; the unearthed pottery obiects belong mainly to the ding tripod, li tripod, jar and dou stemmed vessel of gray clay ware. The vestiges of the Shijiahe culture include ash-pits and tombs; the unearthed pottery objects are largely vessels of gray clay ware and grayish-black sandy ware, which are simple in type, belonging mainly to the jar and cup.