叶面喷施硼酸对苹果果实硼和钙含量的影响

Effect of Leaf Application with H_3BO_3 on Boron and Calcium Content in Apple Fruit

以‘富士’苹果为试材,通过幼果期、果实膨大期和果实成熟期叶面喷施硼酸,研究硼对果实硼和钙含量的影响。结果表明:从叶面喷硼对果实吸收硼的短期效果来看,果实发育的不同时期叶面喷施硼酸均促进果实对硼、钙的吸收,并且处理的效果顺序是:幼果期>果实膨大期>果实成熟期;在果实采收时硼含量为:果实膨大期>果实成熟期>幼果期。不同时期叶面喷施硼酸均提高了果肉细胞中水溶态硼、半束缚态硼和束缚态硼的绝对含量,从3种形态硼所占的比例来看,随着果实不断发育,水溶态硼和半束缚态硼比例升高,而束缚态硼比例下降。

‘Fuji’（Malus domestica Borkh.）was used as the material in the experiment. The treatment of experiment was spraying leaves with 0. 2% H3BO3 at different developing stage of‘Fuji’fruit. The contents of calcium and boron could be improved by treatment, that indicated boron could be freely transported by phloem and improved the content of calcium. By the short effect of treatment on boron absorbing, the treatment order was follow, the young fruit stage〉the rapid growing phase of the fruit〉ripening phase. But the effect of treatment on the ripening phase of fruit, the order was the rapid growing phase of the fruit〉ripening phase〉the young fruit stage. The contents of boron and calcium of cell wall in fruit could be improved by treatment. The absolute contents of different boron forms in fruit were enhanced by spraying leaves with H3BO3.There are three boron forms that were water soluble boron, semi-bound boron and bound boron. The development of fruit proportion of water soluble boron and semi-bound boron was higher, on the contrary, proportion of bound boron is lower.