施用农药福美胂对苹果果园砷污染的研究

Studies on Arsenic Pollution in the Apple Orchards Applied Asomate

重金属元素砷是果品质量安全的重要控制对象之一。为了解苹果生产过程中砷元素的残留污染情况,为其污染控制提供依据,对连续使用福美胂农药5年的苹果园的果实、叶片、枝干、根系及土壤中的砷含量进行了调查。结果表明,果树喷施或主干涂抹福美胂均不同程度提高了树体各部位和果园土壤中的砷元素含量,其中叶片、主枝皮部、主干皮部和浅层主根(0～40cm)中的砷含量较高,果实中砷含量也有所增加。喷施处理显著提高了叶片和主枝中的砷含量,使表层土壤(0～20cm)砷含量也明显提高;涂抹处理显著提高了主干和主枝皮部的砷含量,果实中的砷含量也明显高于对照。涂抹处理的树体砷总累积量高于喷施处理,且地上部分砷总累积量均高于地下部分;各器官中,浅层主根是砷残留累积的主要部位。使用福美胂对苹果园的砷污染表现出持效期长、范围广的特点。

Heavy metal arsenic is one of the main controlled factors affecting apple quality safety, The arsenic contents of fruit, leaf, branch, root and soil in the apple orchard where Asomate had been applied for 5 years were analyzed respectively in order to investigate the circumstance of arsenic pollution and to provide scientific basis for controlling the pollution in apple production. The results showed that the arsenic contents in soil and all organs of tree increased after Asomate was sprayed on the tree or spread on the bark. The arsenic contents in leaves, bough barks, trunk barks and superficial taproots（0-40 cm in soil layer）increased more compared with which increased in fruits. The arsenic contents and accumulation in soil and different organs varied according to the different Asomate application methods. The arsenic contents in leaves and branches increased prominently using the spray method, and arsenic in superficial soil（0-20 cm）also increased obviously. The arsenic contents in the trunk and bough bark increased prominently, and the arsenic contents in fruits were higher compared with that in the control when the spread method was used. Total accumulated arsenic content was higher using spread method than that spray method for apple tree, and total accumulated arsenic content above ground was higher than that under ground for whole apple tree. The superficial taproot was main arsenic accumulating organ for apple tree. Arsenic pollution manifests permanently and extensively when asomate was used continuously in apple orchard.