乌鲁木齐地区无偿献血的现状分析

An analysis of state and distribution of voluntary blood donors in Urumqi area

目的：探讨乌鲁木齐地区无偿献血的现状,分析输血相关病原体感染的危险性、不同献血方式与输血风险的关系,为建立乌鲁木齐地区公共卫生安全体系提供技术支持。方法：对乌鲁木齐市血液中心2002年1月-2003年12月63935名献血人员资料进行分析,比较不同性别、不同民族、不同户口所在地献血者血液检测不合格率,并比较不同献血方式、不同献血量、不同献血次数的血液检测情况。结果：男、女性血液检测不合格率分别为4.66%、3.47%,男性明显高于女性,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;汉、维吾尔、回、哈萨克族及其他民族血液检测不合格率分别为3.91%、3.47%、4.45%、3.84%、3.83%,不同民族之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;2002、2003年自愿献血分别占47.64%、71.46%,2003年高于2002年（P〈0.05）;计划、自愿献血者血液检测不合格率分别为4.73%、3.82%,计划献血者明显高于自愿献血者（P〈0.05）;献200ml、400ml献血者血液检测不合格率分别为4.28%、3.72%,两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;献血1、2、≥3次者血液检测不合格率分别为4.30%、3.93%、3.62%,献血3次以上者血液检测不合格率明显低于献血1次和2次,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：建立一支固定的无偿献血队伍、实行血液集中检测、改进血液检测方法、加强临床科学用血、推广成分输血等是提高血液安全的有效途径。

Objective： To establish safe system of public health. The population distriribution of voluntary blood donors in Urumqi was analysed. The relations between blood domation styles and risk of transfusion, and the detected results of the infectious disease indexes and the condition of voluntary blood donors. Methods： To analyze the statistical data of 63 935 blood donors from Jan. 2002 to Dec. 2003 in Urumqi. To compare the defective fraction of blood decetection in the gender, nation and number of households in total population, and to contrast the information of blood decetection in the way of voluntary blood dona- tion, volume of blood and the frequency of blood donors respectively. Results： The fraction defective of blood decetection in the man and women is 4.66 %, 3.47 %, there was significant difference between man and women （P〈0.05）. The fraction defective of blood decetection in the Han, Uigur, Hui, Kazakh is 3.91%, 3.47%, 4.45%, 3.84%, 3.83%, there was significant difference between in the nation. The way of voluntary blood donors and volume of blood and the frequency of blood donors were significant difference respectively （P 〈0.05）. Conclusions. The effective ways to ensure blood safety are to set up a steady team of voluntary blood donors, practice blood-collect detection, improve blood detection method, strengthen clinical science blood utilization, popularize composition blood transfusion, etc.