食物、捕食及种间竞争对东方田鼠(Microtus fortis)种群攻击行为的作用

Effect on aggressive behavior of reed voles Microtus fortis by food,predation and interspecific competition

在野外围栏条件下,采用重复的2×2×2析因实验设计,测定食物、捕食和竞争物种黑线姬鼠对东方田鼠攻击行为作用的格局。东方田鼠各处理种群攻击水平与其种群密度的相关甚为复杂,与Chitty多态行为假设的预测不一致。东方田鼠双冲突个体间的攻击水平与其体重的相关不显著,而与冲突个体的体重差异则呈显著的负相关,体重差异越大,冲突个体间的攻击水平越低。雄体攻击水平与其繁殖特征无显著的相关关系,而雌体间攻击水平则受繁殖状态的影响,动情雌体间的攻击水平显著地高于非动情雌体。体重差异和食物对雄体的攻击行为具有极显著的独立作用,捕食和种间竞争对雄体攻击行为的独立作用不显著,而捕食与种间竞争交互作用对雄体攻击行为的效应则达到显著水平。体重差异、食物、捕食和种间竞争对动情雌体的攻击水平均有极显著的独立作用,3类外部因子交互作用的效应达到极显著水平;而3类外部因子交互作用对非动情雌体攻击行为的效应则不显著。结果检验了外部因子食物、捕食、种间竞争对田鼠类动物种群攻击行为具有独立和累加的整合效应的假设。

The effect patterns of food , predation and Apodemus agrarius as competition species on the aggressive behavior of reed voles, Microtusfortis, were measured using repeat 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment design under the field enclosure. The correlation between aggressive behavior and densities of reed vole populations in different treatments was very complicated. The result was not consistent with what was predicted by Chitty＇s polymorphic behavior hypothesis ; aggressive behaviors of dyadic encounters were not correlated to body mass but to the difference of body were more aggressive behaviors between dyadic encounters with similar body mass mass negatively which means that there Aggressive behaviors of male reed voles were not related with their reproductive status while those of females were. There were more aggressive behaviors between estrous females than between nonestrous females. The independent effects of food and the difference of body mass on aggressive behavior of male reed voles were extremely significant, the independent effects of predation and interspecific competition on male aggressive behavior were not significant while those of their interaction were. The effects of body mass difference, food, predation and interspecific competition on aggressive behaviors of estrous female reed voles were all extremely significant; effects of interaction among three external factors were also extremely significant. But, the effects of these three external factors on nonestrous females were not significant. The results in this paper supported the hypothesis that there were independent and additive intergrative effects of external factors of population such as food, predation and interspecific competition on aggressive behavior of voles.