云南中部无量山黑长臂猿(Nomascus concolor jingdongensis)栖息地乔木层物种多样性和结构特征

Tree species diversity and community structure characteristics in black crested gibbon (Nomascus concolor jingdongensis) habitats at Mt.Wuliang,central Yunnan, China

无量山是黑长臂猿景东亚种的唯一分布区，现栖息着98群500余只黑长臂猿。长臂猿是典型的树栖性灵长类动物，通过对无量山西坡大寨子地区250个样方的调查，分析了随海拔梯度升高，黑长臂猿栖息地植被乔木层物种多样性和结构的变化情况。共记录乔木111种，隶属于33科；木质藤本23种，隶属于18科。其中优势科主要有樟科（Lauraeeae）、木兰科（Magnoliaceae）、壳斗科（Fagaceae）、山茶科（Theaceae）和杜鹃花科（Eficaceae）。根据不同海拔乔木层物种组成的差异，该区可划分为半湿润常绿阔叶林（2100-2300m）和中山湿性常绿阔叶林（2400-2600m）两种植被类型。多样性指数（Shannon-Wiener指数）随海拔升高在两种植被类型中均呈下降趋势；均匀度指数（Pielou指数）在半湿润常绿阔叶林中呈下降趋势，在中山湿性常绿阔叶林中无明显变化。半湿润常绿阔叶林中，阳坡的乔木物种多样性低于阴坡；而阳坡物种多样性在两种植被类型间差异显著。随着海拔的升高，乔木层的平均高度和上层乔木（Ⅰ层）的比例均逐渐降低，但下层乔木却呈上升趋势。6种优势乔木树种的种群年龄结构分析表明，该区植被的乔木层呈现稳定增长的趋势。

Wuliang Mountain, located in central Yunnan, China, is populated by 98 groups of endemic central Yunnan black crested gibbons （Nomascus concolorfingdongensis）. All gibbons are typical arboreal animals. In a survey of 250 plots （20 × 20m^2） at Dazhaizi, on the west slope of Mt. Wuliang, altitudinal changes of tree species diversity and community structure were analyzed in black crested gibbon habitat. One hundred and eleven tree species were recorded from 33 families along with 23 lianas from 18 families. The dominant families included Lauraceae, Magnoliaceae, Fagaceae, Theaceae and Ericaceae. The study area could be identified into two vegetation types based on the difference of tree species composition at different altitudes： Semi-humid Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest （2100- 2300 m） and Mid-Mountain Humid Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest （2400 -2600 m）. With rising elevation, the diversity index （Shannon-Wiener index） declines in the two vegetation types, and the evenness index （ Pielou index） in semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest also declines. However, the evenness index showed no significant change with elevation in the Mid-Mountain Humid Evergreen Broad- leaved Forest. The species diversity index, which was lower on sunny slopes than on shady slopes in Semi-humid Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest, showed a significant difference between the two vegetation types. Similarly, both the mean height of trees and composition of upper tree layer declined with increases of both variables in the lower tree layer. The age structure of the six dominant tree species showed that the tree layer in the study area should continue to increase stably.