古代城市结构复原的GIS分析与应用——以北宋东京城为例

An Attempt to Represent the Spatial Structure of Historical City with GIS:A Case of Dongjing, the Capital of the Northern Song Dynasty

空间综合研究方法在社会科学研究中越来越受到重视,GIS正成为一种新的历史学研究工具。本文以北宋东京为例,讨论了运用GIS进行古代城市结构复原可行性。基于开封市考古发现和历史文献研究成果,运用地图学方法、GPS、GIS技术,探讨了古代城市空间结构复原的基本思路、方法和操作步骤。东京城GIS的初步实现表明:以现有考古发现和文献研究资料为基础,在GIS环境中重现古代城市空间,可以整合历史学研究成果,不仅实现历史研究成果的共享,而且为历史学研究提供一个新方法。

Spatially integrated research methodology has attracted more and more researchers in social sciences, and geographic information systems （GIS） are increasingly becoming a new tool for historical research. This paper attempts to introduce GIS to the research of historical city. Based on the archaeological discoveries, historical literatures and research records of Kaifeng, a GIS for historical Dongjing city, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, aiming to represent the urban spatial structure, is discussed. Mapping and GIS issues in system design, data collection and processing are explored. The preliminary implementation of Dongjing GIS shows that it is feasible to represent the urban space of ancient cities in GIS using existing archaeological discoveries, historical literatures and research records, and it is practical to organize most of the historical data spatially in WebGIS for sharing. The authors also expect to develop a new spatially integrated methodology for historical research.