从“城市蔓延”到“理性增长”——美国土地利用方式之转变

From "urban sprawl" to "smart growth":on the ways transition of American land use

从美国郊区化与城市蔓延的典型特征入手,简要回顾了理性增长产生的背景。在此基础上,从内城贫困、居住隔离、空间失衡和公正健康四个层面分析了城市蔓延引发的社会及经济后果。随后就若干论点介绍了城市蔓延与理性增长之间的理论之争。最后借鉴美国经验教训,对我国城市化道路和土地利用模式展开思考,认为要转变方式,树立科学的区域发展观;借鉴西方城市健康的分析框架,努力探索"健康城市规划";充分发挥规划政策在应对城市土地利用问题的综合调控作用;公平公正,追求社会稳定和谐,发挥政府力量对市场扭曲的矫正作用。

Based on the typical characteristics of suburbanization and urban sprawl of the United States, the background of smart growth is reviewed. In the following, this paper analyzes the consequences of social economy caused by urban sprawl from four aspects, i.e. the inner city poverty, social segregation, spatial mismatch and public health. In addition, the view on controversy between urban sprawl and smart growth is summarized. In the end, this paper, enlightened by American experience, conducts thinking on Chinese urbanization road and land use pattern. It contends that scientific regional development view should be set up, healthy analysis framework of western cities should be absorbed to explore healthy urban planning, the planning policy should be fully used to control comprehensively the urban land use, and the governmental power should be made full use of to pursue the construction of harmonious society.