原发性小肠肿瘤305例临床分析

Clinical analysis of primary small intestinal neoplasms in 305 cases

目的总结原发性小肠肿瘤的诊断与治疗经验。方法回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的305例原发性小肠肿瘤的诊断与治疗。结果良性肿瘤42例,恶性肿瘤263例;良、恶性之比为1:6.26。恶性肿瘤主要包括腺癌(135例)、恶性间质瘤(57例)、恶性淋巴瘤(37例)和类癌(20例)等,其临床表现大多为非特异性及症状不典型。慢性隐匿性失血、隐匿体重下降及脐周隐痛(三隐症状)是小肠肿瘤的常见症状,也是小肠肿瘤早期诊断的警示信号。小肠肿瘤术前确诊率为57.0%(174/305),其中十二指肠肿瘤的确诊率为67.2%(92/137);空、回肠为51.9%(82/168)。42例良性肿瘤患者行局部或肠段切除;263例恶性肿瘤患者中,153例行根治术,34例行姑息性切除或减瘤荷手术,76例行捷径及取活组织检查手术。153例根治性切除术的患者,中位生存时间为92个月,明显优于姑息性切除术或减瘤荷手术者。结论全消化道钡剂造影和内窥镜检查及肠系膜上动脉造影是诊断和定位原发性小肠肿瘤的主要手段,早期治疗是提高小肠恶性肿瘤预后的关键,凡无远处转移的患者,应积极施行根治手术。

Objective To summarive the experience in diagnosis and treatment of primary small intestinal neoplasm. Methods The data of 305 patients with pathologically comfirmed primary small intestinal tumor collected from 6 hospitals around the Songhua River druing the past 33 years were analyzed retrospectively. Results There were 42 benign and 263 malignant tumors in this series with a ratio of 1 ： 6.26. The 263 malignant tumors in this series consisted of 135 adenocarcinomas, 57 malignant stromal tumors, 37 malignant lymphomas, 20 carcinoids, and etc. Chronic occult bleeding, gradual of body weight loss and mild abdominal pain （three obscurities） were the common clinical features and alerting massage of intestinal tumor. Correct preoperative diagnostic rate was only 57.0% （ 174/305 ） due to difficulty in early diagnosis, which was 67.2% （92/137） in the duodenal tumors, and 51.9% （82/168） in the jejunoileal tumors. All of the 42 benign tumors were resected completely. For the 263 patients with malignant.tumors, radical dissection was performed in 153, palliative resection in 34, and gut by-pass or biopsy in 76. The median survival of the patients who underwent radical resection of their malignant tumors was 92 months, which was significantly higher than that of the other groups. Conclusion Early diagnosis of primary small intestinal tumors is difficult and with a preoperative misdiagnosis rate of 43.0%. Total intestinal barium swallowing, endoscopy and superior mesenteric arteriography are three critical examinations for diagnosis and location. Early surgical resection is crucial in improving the prognosis. The primary small intestinal tumor should be resected as early as possible if no distant metastasis is detected.