辅酶Q_(10)的化学合成进展

Progress in Synthesis of Coenzyme Q_(10)

回顾了近几十年CoQ10的化学合成方法,分类综述了各条路线的特点。以茄尼醇为起始原料的CoQ10化学半合成方法主要分为:①CoQ0直接与癸异戊二烯醇偶合(CoQ0+C50);②CoQ0引入C1或C5的短侧链再与茄尼醇衍生物偶合[(CoQ0+C5)+C45]和[(CoQ0+C1)+C49];③利用Diels-Alder法合成CoQ10。合成的难点是侧链与母核化合物如何高效地偶合,以及缩合过程中侧链C=C键构型的保持。目前CoQ10成熟的化学全合成方法报道很少。

Various synthetic routes of CoQ10 were reviewed and the character of each route was summarized in this paper. Starting with solanesol, three ways had been applied in the semisynthesis of CoQ10 ： ①CoQ0 couples with decaprenol （CoQ0 ＋ C50 ） ; ② A C1 or C5 side chain is added to CoQ0 and then the product coupled with the derivatives of solanesol to get the aims [（CoQ0 ＋ C5 ） ＋ C45] and [（CoQ0, ＋ C1 ） ＋ C49]; ③ Diels-Alder route. The difficult in the semisynthesis of CoQ10 is how to couple polyprenoid chain with aromatic nucleus in high efficiency and how to keep the configuration of the C = C bonds. At present, a practical total synthesis of CoQ10 has not yet been achieved.