价值增殖过程中的自然科学与单纯的自然力

Natural Science and Pure Natural Force in the Process of Value Increment

从经济哲学的视角看,自然科学和单纯的自然力是价值增殖过程中的一对重要的范畴。尽管马克思主义经典作家将自然科学和单纯的自然力都视为"不费分文"的生产力,但从马克思劳动价值论的角度看,自然科学和单纯的自然力这两种不费分文的生产力在价值增殖的过程中具有不同的作用,前者并入生产过程转移其自身的价值进而使商品的价值量增加,而后者并入生产过程不增加商品的价值量但增加商品的使用价值量。同时,自然科学和单纯的自然力这两种"不费分文"的生产力又都是价值增殖过程的两个不可缺少的重要因素,在价值增殖过程中是相互联系、不可分割的,是同一个过程的密不可分的两个方面,二者并入社会生产实现价值增殖时的社会前提具有"一致性",实现过程具有"同时性",实质联系具有"内在统一性"等。因此自然科学是父,单纯的自然力是母,双双并入社会生产过程,共同结出"新增价值"之果。

Both natural science and pure natural force are a pair of important categories in the process of value increment from the perspective of economic philosophy. Marxist classical writers regarded both natural science and pure natural force as the productive force ＂costing no penny＂, but from the perspective of Marxist theory of labor value, both natural science and pure natural force are provided with different functions in the process of value increment, the former transforms the value itself in order to increase the value quantity of commodity with its merging into the productive process; and the latter does not increase the value quantity of commodity, but increases the use value quantity of that with its merging into the productive process. Meanwhile, both natural science and pure natural force as productive force ＂costing no penny＂ are two necessary elements, which are interactional and indiscerptible in the process of increment of value, and they are two different aspects of the same process. When natural science and pure natural force merge into social production and increase value of commodity, their social conditions are the same, their productive processes are simultaneous, and their essential relations are inherent and interdependent. Thus, natural science is the ＂father＂, pure natural force is the ＂mother＂, and they merge in pairs into social production and then produce together the ＂fruit＂ of the newly increased value.