国外石油海运发展及其对我国的启示

Development of maritime transport for foreign oil and its meaning for China

从国际石油海运发展趋势看,主要石油进口国大都拥有规模庞大的船队,本国油轮承运比例较高;跨国石油公司纷纷削减自有船队,更多地向依靠油轮公司运输转变;资源国石油公司主要以自有船控制运力,且控制比例较高;石油贸易公司基本无自有油轮,主要通过期租船和航租船满足运输;独立船东不断扩张,在油轮总运力中占据主导地位;国际社会越来越重视油轮的安全问题,对油轮的安全环保监管越来越严。我国作为主要石油进口国应该进一步加大运力控制,提高"国油国运"比例。为此建议,鼓励国有石油公司与国有海运企业强强联手;在快速发展运力规模的同时,努力提高国内海运企业的运营管理水平,降低运营成本;加强油污事故预防和处置的研究,加快应急反应机制的建立和相关法规制度的完善,以降低安全环保风险,提高海运业国际竞争力。

Examining development trends in maritime transport for international oil,all of the world’s major oil importers maintain large-scale fleets,with a significant proportion of oil shipped by domestic tankers.Transnational petroleum corporations,meanwhile,continue to downsize their own fleets,and rely increasingly on oil tanker companies for shipping.Oil companies in resource-rich nations,by using their own fleets to dominate shipping capacity,exercise a high degree of control.With virtually no tankers of their own,petroleum wading companies rely chiefly on time- or voyage-chartered vessels to meet shipping demands,and the expanding segment of independent ship-owners has taken the lead in total capacity. The global community,increasingly sensitive to oil-tanker security, continues to step up environmental and safety monitoring.As a major oil importer,China would do well to strengthen its control over shipping capacity and expand'national shipping for national oil.'It is therefore recommended that state oil companies form strong ties with state maritime transport firms,working to improve operational management in domestic maritime shippers and to bring down transport costs,while also expanding shipping capacity.Also important are stronger research into oil spill prevention and response,as well as faster progress in developing emergency response mechanisms and relevant laws and regulations.These measures are necessary to minimize safety and environmental risks and to boost the international competitive power of China′s maritime transport industry.