我国中小工业企业技术创新途径的实证研究——基于兰州中小企业的调查

MEANS OF TECHNICAL INNOVATION OF CHINA'S MIDDLE-ANDSMALL-SIZED INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES——The Case Study of Lanzhou

本文以企业问卷和访谈相结合的方式调查了兰州中小工业企业技术改进的状况及途径。兰州几乎所有被调查企业的主要生产技术自建立以来得到了改进。当地企业的创新主要为二次创新,且二次创新主要是对次要而非核心技术的创新。技术引进是当地企业技术改进的主要途径,其中引进更先进的设备是当地最有效的技术改进途径。作者认为企业创新方式受其经济实力和相对技术差距的影响,区域应视其经济、科技发展水平等而采取不同的科技政策。

Technical progress may be defined as new and improved processes and products and it can be only new to the organization under study. Based on such definition, the paper investigates to what degree and how the main techniques of small and medium-sized industrial enterprises （SMIEs） in l_,anzhou has changed since their establishment by using enterprise questionnaires and interviews. Totally 77 SMIEs in Lanzhou are questioned and/or interviewed. Investigation shows that great technical improvement has been achieved by most of local SMIEs, but original or first innovations are absent in local SMIEs. Although ＂second innovations＂ could be observed in many SMIEs, they concentrate on secondary and supplementary processes, instead of core techniques and main processes. Technical introduction is the main channel of technical improvement, which is followed by learning by doing and higher quality of employees leading to digestion and absorption of more advanced techniques. The most important form of technical introduction is equipment introduction. Mother enterprises, universities and research institutes are also important sources for technical introduction of local SMIEs. No typical industrial clusters constituting SMIEs are found in Lanzhou, neither are obvious interactive innovations. The author argues that economic power and technical gaps can influence means of technical innovations of enterprises and differentiated regional technical policies should be adopted with regard to their economic power and technical advancement. In case of an underdeveloped economy with great technical gap between local and non-local enterprises, technical introduction, diffusion and followed improvement may be main means of technical improvement of most of enterprises since local enterprises are short of funds, brain resource and knowledge for autonomous innovations. But patent introduction should be preferred to equipment introduction and at the same time risk funds should be available for a small number of high-tech enterprises.