摘要
本文透过地缘政治理论中各种具体的解释方法,对不同时期地缘政治学进行方法论特征的考察,发现地缘政治理论的发展经历了从自然主义模式、空间—权力关系模式到结构主义模式的演变。结构主义模式是当代地缘政治理论的重要方法论特征,与其它模式相比,表现出较好的解释能力。对地缘政治学方法论演变的历史考察,有助于我们思考未来地缘政治理论建设的趋向,其中以行为体为主体的新地缘政治结构理论建设是地缘政治理论方法论创新的重要选择。
This paper indicates that the explanation model has been evolved from naturalism, space-power linkage and structuralism. The geopolitical theories constructed under a naturalistic model have obvious characteristics of methodology： modeling after natural science, they tried to explain laws of human society by using natural laws and looked them as deterministic factors for national fate. It failed to discover the social laws of human beings. The second model is named as space-power linkage in this paper that widely exists in the geopolitical theories held by Alfred Thayer Mahan, Halford J. Mackinder, Nicholas Spykman, etc. They constructed the doctrines of geopolitics and emphasized that a certain space played a determinative role in the process of getting strategic power for a nation. The model of space-power linkage exceeded the naturalistic model and pushed the related geopolitics to become a theory of international relations. However, geopolitics under the model of space-power linkage outstandingly bears the single dimension idea that geographical spaces determine national power. It set geographic space as an absolute factor of determining world politics according to the nature of geographical space and the differences of location. Then it easily slid into ＇the environmental determinism＇. The geopolitical theories with characteristics of structuralism appeared in 1960＇s. It is a holistic approach of world geopolitical structure and has gained a better effect of explanation than other explanation models before. This paper argues that a new structural theory of geopolitics with the subject of political actors should be constructed in order to improve the explanation function of geopolitics for international politics and relations.
出处
《人文地理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2007年第5期107-109,共3页
Human Geography
