静电纺丝制备聚丙烯腈纳米碳纤维

Preparation of polyacrylonitrile-based carbon nanofibers via electrospinning

利用静电纺丝制备连续的聚丙烯腈纳米碳纤维;介绍了静电纺丝的原理、影响静电纺丝的主要因素以及制备纳米碳纤维、纳米活性炭纤维、纳米碳纤维复合材料的方法和原理;分析了静电纺丝产率低,难以得到单向平铺的纤维等问题,影响静电纺丝的参数主要有溶液特性、纺丝工艺参数、纺丝环境参数。由静电纺丝得到纳米聚丙烯腈纤维,然后再经预氧化和碳化制备纳米碳纤维,或把纳米纤维预氧化,经活化、碳化制备纳米活性炭纤维。并指出纳米碳纤维具有巨大的潜在应用空间。

A continuous polyacrylonitrile-based carbon nanofibers was prepared by electrospinning process. The principle of electrospinning process, the major influential factors and the technological processes and principles for carbon nanofibers, activated carbon nanofibers and carbon nanofiber composites were introduced. The problem in electrospinning process was analyzed, such as low yield, fiber unidirectional distribution difficulties. The major influential factors on the electrospinning process included the solution properties, spinning process parameters and spinning environment parameters. The electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers were prepared into carbon nanofibers after preoxidization and carbonization or into activated carbon nanofibers after preoxidization, activation and carbonization. It was put forward that carbon nanofibers have a great potential application space.