罗汉果皂苷Ⅴ的镇咳、祛痰及解痉作用研究

Study on the Antitussive,Expectorant and Antispasmodic Effects of Saponin Ⅴ from Momordica grosvenori

目的筛选罗汉果镇咳祛痰的有效部位,并进一步研究罗汉果皂苷Ⅴ的镇咳、祛痰及解痉作用。方法通过观察罗汉果水提部位、体积分数95%醇提部位及体积分数50%醇提部位对浓氨水致小鼠咳嗽次数及咳嗽潜伏期的影响,筛选出罗汉果镇咳的有效部位为体积分数50%醇提部分。进一步观察了50%醇提部分中的罗汉果皂苷Ⅴ对小鼠酚红排泄量及组胺致豚鼠离体回肠及离体气管痉挛的影响。结果罗汉果水煎剂50g生药.kg-1,罗汉果体积分数50%醇提部位50g生药.kg-1及罗汉果皂苷Ⅴ300,150,75mg.kg-1能明显减少小鼠的咳嗽次数,罗汉果体积分数50%醇提部位50g生药.kg-1及罗汉果皂苷Ⅴ300mg.kg-1还能明显延长小鼠咳嗽潜伏期;罗汉果皂苷Ⅴ150mg.kg-1能明显增加小鼠气管酚红排泄量,提示有一定的祛痰作用;5g.L-1的罗汉果皂苷Ⅴ能明显拮抗组胺引起的回肠收缩;2.5及1.25g.L-1剂量对组胺引起的气管痉挛有明显的拮抗作用。结论罗汉果皂苷Ⅴ显示出一定的镇咳、祛痰、解痉活性,推测为罗汉果镇咳的主要活性成分。

OBJECTIVE To screen the fractions and constituents of antitussive, expectorant and antispasmodic effects from Momordica grosvenori. METHODS By counting the times and observing the latent period of cough induced by ammonia solution of mice, the antussive effect of the water soluble fraction, 50% alcohol soluble fraction and 95% alcohol soluble fraction of Momordica grosvenori were studied. By determining the content of Phenol red in the trachea excretion of mice and by recording the intensity of contraction induced by histamine of isolated ileum and trachea of guinea pig, the expectorant and antispasmodic effects of saponin V were further observed. RESULTS The decoction of Momordica grosvenori （50 g·kg^-1）, 50% alcohol soluble fraction （50 g·kg^-1）, and saponin V （300,150,75 mg·kg^-1） significantly decreased the times of cough. Furthermore, 50% alcohol soluble fraction 50 g·kg^-1 and saponin V 300 mg·kg^-1 remarkably increased cough latent period. Saponin V 150 mg·kg^-1 significantly increased the secretion of phenol red of trachea of mice. Saponin V 5 g·L^-1 remarkably antagonized contraction of isolated ileum, saponin V 2. 5 and 1.25 g·L^-1 antagonized trachea spasm in guinea pig induced by histamine. CONCLUSION Saponin V exhibits significant antitussive, expectorant and antispasmodic effects, indicating that saponin V is a dominant active constituent of Momordica grosvenori.