金川铜镍尾矿酸浸过程的热力学分析

Thermodynamic Analysis on Diluted Acid Leaching Process of Tailings from Copper-nickel Mine

应用热力学原理计算并分析了金川集团公司镍铜尾矿中橄榄石、蛇纹石、透辉石、透闪石、各种铁矿物及硫化铜矿物与稀硫酸反应的活性。结果表明,尾矿砂中橄榄石、蛇纹石极易与稀酸反应,其中的FeO和MgO可完全溶于稀酸中,透辉石和透闪石也较易与稀酸反应,铁矿物中的FeO也较易与稀酸反应,FeS(磁黄铁矿)亦与稀酸有一定的反应,而Fe2O3和FeS2(黄铁矿)则不与稀酸反应,硫化铜矿物也不易与稀酸反应。热力学分析表明,以橄榄石、蛇纹石为主要矿物的金川镍铜尾矿与稀酸有良好的自反应性,可用来治理矿山废酸液及酸性废水,并且能够得到大量Mg和Fe的副产品。

The reactive activities with diluted sulfuric acid of olivine, serpentine, diopside, tremolite, various minerals Fe containing and nickel-copper sulfide minerals in tailings from Jinchuan Nickel-copper Mine are thermodynamically calculated and analyzed. The results show that the olivine and serpentine in railings could easily react with diluted sulfuric acid and the MgO and FeO in them could be dissolved completely. Diopside and tremolite could also dissolve in sulfuric acid, and FeO in the minerals might also react with diluted sulfuric acid. Pyrrhotite （FeS） could react with diluted sulfuric acid in some extent, but pyrite （FeS2） and iron oxide （Fe2O3） could not be dissolved in diluted sulfuric acid. Chalcopyrite and pentlandite are not reacted with diluted sulfuric acid. Therefore, the tailings that are composed mainly with olivine and serpentine in Jinchuan Nickel-copper Mine hve good self-reaction with diluted acid, which could be used to treat waste acid or AMD, and during this process, Mg and Fe in those mineral would be largely dissolved and recovered.