Drosophila immigrans果蝇随机扩增DNA多态性初步分析

Random Amplified Polymorfic DNA Analysis of Drosophila immigrans Geographic Strains

为了探讨不同地理种群的果蝇在ＤＮＡ水平上的遗传多样性，推测秦岭地区伊米果蝇的起源，以主要来自中国的Ｄｒｏｓｏｐｈｉｌａｉｍｍｉｇｒａｎｓ种内７个不同地理种群的果蝇为材料和Ｄｒｏｓｏｐｈｉｌａｖｉｒｉｌｉｓ为对照，选取２０种１０ｂｐ长的寡聚核苷酸随机引物，进行随机扩增多态ＤＮＡ分析（ＲＡＰＤ）。利用ＵＰＧＭＡ法作聚类分析，以遗传距离为尺度绘制了分子聚类图。初步结果显示：（１）Ｄ．ｉｍｍｉ－ｇｒａｎｓ与处在完全不同分类阶元的对照种Ｄ．ｖｉｒｉｌｉｓ的遗传距离最大。（２）在Ｄ．ｉｍｍｉｇｒａｎｓ种内，来自日本的ＭＵ（东京）与来自中国大陆的各地理种群有较大的遗传距离。（３）地理位置和海拔高度最近的位于秦岭地区的（华阳）种群与ＳＰ（杉树坪）种群的遗传距离最小，这两者又与采自相近海拔高度的ＴＳ（泰山）和ＬＺ（兰州）相聚类。提示分布在较高海拔地区的Ｄ．ｉｍｍｉｇｒａｎｓ果蝇具有较高的遗传相似性。这一事件是在Ｄ．ｉｍｍｉｇｒａｎｓ果蝇的种化过程中新近发生的。

Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to reveal the variation among Seven Drosophila immigrans geographic strains. Based on the RAPD markers the genetic distance among seven geographic strains of D. immigrans were computed and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. We found that: 1) Among D. immigrans strains, MU was further away to other strains than the others for it is the only one from Japan. 2) Within Chinese geographic strains, HY, SP(from Qinling area) are collected at the nearest geographic area and height above sea level, so they have little genetic variation. Another two high elevation strains TS(from Taishan)and LZ(from Lan Zhou)went together with HY and SP. It seems that: Higher elevational D. immigrans strains have more genetic resemblance. This phenomena happened recently during D. immigrans' speciation.