大众化背景下的高等教育入学机会:问题、根源和对策

Enrollment Opportunity in the Popularization of Higher Education in China:Problem,Root Cause and Policy

高等教育大众化促进了入学机会总量的迅速增加,但机会增多并不等于机会均等,地区、城乡、阶层和性别之间的入学机会不均依然显著存在。制度性教育的天然缺陷、城乡二元制的结构制约、考选制度的隐性不公、成本分担的制度失衡、资本存量的代际影响、基础教育的不均积续、性别偏好的消极影响等是造成我国高等教育入学机会不均的深层原因。应在稳步推进高等教育大众化的基础上,通过制度变革和政策调整来增进高等教育公平。

The popularization of higher education in China has greatly increased the opportunity for higher education in total enrollment, but the increment of the enrollment opportunity for higher education does not mean more equal opportunity. The disequilibrium of enrollment opportunity for higher education still exists significantly between regions, urban and rural areas, classes, genders. The main reasons for the disequilibrium lie in the natural defects of systematic education, structural constraints of the urban-rural dual framework, inexplicit injustice of the college entrance examination system, the imbalance of costsharing system, inter-generational impact of capitals stock, the congregation of the disequilibrium in basic education and the negative impact of gender preference. We should innovate system and adjust policies to improve the equity of higher education on the basis of the steady progress of the popularization of higher education.