中国古建筑防火保护探讨

Exploration on Fire Protection of Historic Buildings

分析我国古建筑的结构特点及其发生火灾的原因,给出部分古建筑火灾的实例,提出我国古建筑防火保护策略的评价方法。针对我国古建筑主要是木结构和木石结构的建筑特点,笔者提出:采用防火涂料或/和阻燃液对古建筑中的木结构进行防火保护,以延缓或阻止火势的蔓延,为施救和人员逃生赢得时间;而采用厚型无机防火涂料或隧道防火涂料来保护古建筑的石结构,可以避免火灾时因石结构强度的破坏而导致建筑物坍塌。

The structure features of historic buildings in China and the causes for the fires of these buildings are analyzed, and some cases of fire happened to those buildings before have been listed. A comprehensive evaluation approach about fire protection of historic buildings is put forth. Aiming at the woodstructured or wood-and-stone structured characteristics of historic buildings, fire protection methods are suggested as follows： using fire-resistant coatings to cover the wood-structured buildings so as to retard or prevent the spreading of fire and save the time for the occupants rescuing and escaping; using thick inorganic fire-resistant coatings or tunnel coatings to protect stone-structured buildings so as to avoid the collapse of the buildings due to the strength loss of the stone during a fire.