C_4/C_5烃催化裂解制低碳烯烃的研究进展

Research Advances in the Catalytic Cracking of C_4/C_5 Hydrocarbons to Light Olefins

从催化剂类型、裂解工艺、催化裂解的影响因素和裂解机理4个方面对国内外C4/C5烃催化裂解制低碳烯烃的研究进行了综述。催化裂解制低碳烯烃催化剂主要采用ZSM-5分子筛系列催化剂,在此基础上发展了酸改性或水热改性高硅ZSM系列分子筛及介孔MCM-41分子筛。总结了国内外C4/C5烃的裂解工艺,认为影响催化裂解的主要因素是裂解原料、催化剂类型及工艺条件。目前,裂解机理主要是自由基与碳正离子机理相结合的机理。并简述了本课题组目前有关C4烷烃催化裂解的主要研究进展。

This review focuses on summarizing the development of catalyst types, catalytic cracking processings, influencing factors and mechanisms of the catalytic cracking of C4/C5 hydrocabons to light olefins. ZSM-5 Zeolite has been taken as the primary catalysts and used in C4/C5 hydrocabons catalytic cracking to light olefins. On the basis of ZSM-5 zeolite, the acid-modified or high-silica hydrothermally promoted ZSM-5 series, and the mesopore zeolite MCM-41 have been developed. In addition, the catalytic cracking processings of C4/C5 hydrocarbons have been covered. The primary factors of catalytic cracking are thought to be the components of cracking feed, the kinds of catalysts and processing conditions. The mechanism of the combination of carbonium ion with free-radical is proposed for the process of catalytic cracking. The major research futures and results on the catalytic cracking of C4 alkanes of our research laboratory are briefly introduced.