美国20世纪语言政策述评

American Language Policies in the 20th Century

美国是一个多语种国家，英语是全国通用语言。20世纪以来的语言政策主要有惟英语运动和双语教育政策。惟英语运动提倡将英语定为美国官方语言。虽然英语在20世纪并未成为全国官方语言，但很多州政府却通过州法律将其确立为州官方语言。鉴于多语种存在的事实，美国也实行双语教育政策，这实际上是一种过渡性教育政策，目的是使非英语移民更快地融入到英语主流语言文化中。不过，不管是有意识还是无意识，双语教育政策也在某种程度上保护和发展了少数民族的语言，尤其是美国印第安语言。

As a country with various languages and with the fact that English is commonly spoken, America has made some language policies, of which ＂English-Only Movement＂ and ＂Bilingual Education Policy＂ are typical, especially in the 20th century. ＂English-Only Movement＂ advocates the officialization of English. Although English was not the official by law. ＂B language ilingual in America in the 20th century, many state governments have established it as state official language Education Policy＂ is also carried out due to the fact that there are many ethnic languages in America. This is actually a transitional bilingual education so that Non-English immigrants can be assimilated by English mainstream culture more quickly. Nevertheless, consciously or unconsciously, to some extent, ＂Bilingual Education Policy＂ protects and develops ethnic languages, especially American Indian languages.