长江黄河源区生态环境脆弱性评价初探

Assessment of Eco-environmental Vulnerability in the Source Regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers

基于综合性原则、主导因子原则和可操作性原则,确定了长江黄河源区生态环境脆弱性的评价指标。依据县一级行政单位将长江黄河源区分为八大地区,使用主成分分析法对各地区的生态环境进行综合评价,基本可把源区的生态环境脆弱度分为五级:极脆弱型、强脆弱型、中脆弱型、轻脆弱型和微脆弱型。黄河源区的达日和玛沁县脆弱程度最高,为极脆弱地区;称多县为强脆弱地区;玛多和杂多县脆弱程度中等,为中脆弱地区;治多和曲麻莱县属于轻脆弱地区,长江源区西南部的唐古拉山乡脆弱度最小,属于微脆弱地区。

Air temperature,precipitation,altitude above sea level,glaciers,vegetation coverage,population density,gross output value in animal husbandry,and gross output value in agriculture are made into assessment indicators in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers according to four assessment principles of ecological environment vulnerability in this paper.The source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers are divided into eight areas based on the boundaries of Maduo,Maqin,Dari,Chengduo,Zhiduo,Qumalai and Zaduo counties,and Tanggulashan village.The ecological environments in each area are assessed synthetically using Principal Component Analysis.Eco-environmental vulnerable degree in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers is basically ranked into five ranks： very strong fragile,strong fragile,moderate fragile,slight fragile,and very slight fragile.Fragile degree in Dari and Maqin counties in the source region of the Yellow River is the maximal.They belong to very strong fragile.Chengduocounty is strong fragile.Mauo and Zaduo counties are moderate fragile.Zhiduo and Qumalai are slight fragile.Tanggulashan village in the source region of the Yangtze River is very slight fragile.