同源四倍体水稻亲本材料的结实研究

Seed Set of Parental Materials of Autotetraploid Rice

研究了2份二倍体水稻和29份同源四倍体水稻(2n=4x=48)亲本(其中4份低代材料、25份高代材料)在2004年和2005年的结实情况.与二倍体对照相比,同源四倍体材料的花粉育性、结实率均不同程度下降,尤其低代材料的花粉育性(59.6%～65.3%)和结实率(26.8%～33.5%)大幅度降低;但经过选择改良,大多数材料的花粉育性和结实率均不同程度提高.F检验表明,同源四倍体不同品种间各性状均差异显著,说明同源四倍体材料具有很大的改良潜力.从1996年到2005年对部分同源四倍体水稻进行了连续选择改良,并对其结实率进行T检验,结果表明经过9a的选择改良,同源四倍体水稻结实率显著提高.本文还对同源四倍体水稻各性状间的相关性进行了分析,结果表明,结实率与花粉育性、穗着粒数、穗实粒数极显著相关,理论产量与花粉育性、有效穗数、穗着粒数、穗实粒数、结实率及千粒重极显著相关.

2 diploid and 29 autotetraploid rice （2n = 4x = 48） parental materials, including 4 preliminary and 25 advanced generations, were investigated for seed set characters. Compared with diploid control, the pollen fertility and seed set of autotetraploid declined dramatically, especially in preliminary generations, and they were only 59. 6% - 65.3% and 26. 8% - 33.5% , respectively. However, pollen fertility and seed set of the most autotetraploid rice materials increased after selected and improved. F-test indicated that there were remarkable differences among different varieties, showing that the autotetraploid materials had huge potentials for genetic improvement. From 1996 to 2005, some autotetraploid rice had been selected and improved, and T-test was conducted between seed set of 1996 and that of 2005. The results showed that seed set increased obviously. The relationships among traits of autotetraploid were analyzed. Seed set was significantly correlated with pollen fertility, total grain number per panicle and productive grain number per panicle; and theoretical yield was significantly correlated with pollen fertility, productive panicle number per plant, total grain number per panicle, productive grain number per panicle, seed set and 1 000-grain weight.