高温超导电机的冷却技术综述

Overview of cooling technology of high temperature superconducting rotating machines

重点探讨了高温超导电机关键技术之一的转子冷却技术的发展过程和各种冷却方式的特性分析,总结出了其优缺点。针对现有技术和结构提出了3种新型的冷却方式和结构:分布式旋转热管,分层开放式蒸发冷却和旋转管道两相流冷却,重新提出针对低速的电动机应用低温超导时代经常采用的浸泡式蒸发冷却方式,这4种方法都是基于相变传热的原理,传热效率高,具有自循环和自适应的特性。进一步提出在冷却系统方面需要深入研究的理论和工程方面的问题。针对各种超导电机的应用场合,提供了不同容量和转速下高温超导所能匹配的冷却方式。

The configuration and development of High Temperature Superconducting （HTS） rotating machines was present, and the existed different cooling systems for HTS rotating machines were discussed and compared in details. Furthermore, three novel cooling methods： distributed thermosyphon, open layered evaporative cooling, and rotating piping evaporative cooling, were originally pointed out based on the boiling heat transfer principle. In addition, saturated boiling cooling widely employed in the field of Low Temperature Superconducting could be used to the low rotating speed motor. The theoretical and engineering highlights of cooling system were listed for further investigations. Based on these, the suggested cooling methods for HTS machines with different rate capacities and rotate speed ranges were supplied according to the characteristics of different cooling methods.