植物病原菌毒素的种类、作用机理和应用前景

The kinds,action mechanism of pathotoxin and its application prospect

植物病原菌毒素与大多数植物病害密切相关。植物病原菌毒素可分为寄主选择性毒素和寄主非选择性毒素。毒素的作用机理主要包括:破坏寄主线粒体、叶绿体等寄主细胞超微结构;改变细胞膜的透性;影响光合作用和呼吸作用;改变酶的活性;抑制某些物质如DNA、RNA和蛋白质的生物合成;调节植物的生长等方面。毒素可应用于植物抗病品种的筛选,可作为研究植物代谢的探针,而作为生物防治制剂是研究开发生物源农药的一个新途径,尤其是将其应用于开发新型环境友好型生物源农药上,以确保生产、生活及整个生态安全。

In this paper the present situation of pathotoxins and its action mode were summarized to understand and know the research prospect of pathotoxins at home and abroad. Pathotoxins were clasiifided into host-specific toxins and non-host-specific toxins. The action mechanisms of pathotoxins on the host were given as follows：Damaged the ultrastructure of mitochondria and chloroplast, changed the membrane permeability, affected the photosynthesis and respiration, influenced the activity of enzymes, inhibited the biosythesis of DNA, RNA and protein, as well as regulated the growth of host. Most importantly, pathotoxins could be applied to select disease-resistance species, to study plant metabolite as probes, to explore new environment-friendly bio-pesticides for ensuring a safety production, living and ecology environment.