以NBCA栓塞治疗门脉高压性上消化道出血

Obliteration of gastric bleeding varices with NBCA

目的研究以NBCA(N-Butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate)栓塞治疗晚期肝病所致门脉高压性上消化道出血的可行性。方法17例门脉高压性上消化道出血患者,皆显示胃冠状静脉、胃底静脉曲张,并显示脾-肾分流3例,胃-肾分流3例。9例择期手术,8例急诊手术。由右腋中线经右肝入路7例,由剑突下经左肝入路4例,经脾静脉入路6例,NBCA与超液化碘油比例为1∶4,栓塞程度以曲张静脉消失为目的。随访观察患者的生存期、症状改善情况等。结果17例患者手术全部成功,栓塞后造影显示曲张静脉完全闭塞,栓塞后门脉压力较术前平均升高3cmH2O,术中仅1例患者出现刺激性咳嗽,未发生与手术相关的严重并发症。术后1个月内患者症状均明显改善,未发生消化道出血、顽固性腹水等症状,复查CT增强扫描显示曲张静脉消失。随访3～12个月,患者生存期平均超过5个月,随访期内4例患者死亡,死亡原因主要为肝功能衰竭,其中3例患者合并少量消化道出血。结论以NBCA栓塞治疗晚期肝病导致门脉高压性消化道出血技术可行,疗效可靠,并发症少,严格地选择适应证能明显提高远期疗效。

Objective To study the feasibility of obliteration with NBCA（N-Butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate）for the treatment of gastric bleeding varices in terminal stage of portal hypertension. Methods All 17 cases of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage with portal hypertension, mean age 54 years, including 11 cases of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with portal venous tumor emboli, 6 cases of cirrhosis and 3 cases with moderate to severe ascites; were selected for this study. According to the Child-Pugh classification, 3 cases were in class B and 14 cases in class C at admission. Left gastric, posterior and short gastric varices were shown in all patients on CT or MRI enhancement scannings, together with splenorenal and gastrorenal shunts in 3 and 3 cases respectively. Seven cases were approached through right midaxillary line transhepatic route, 4 cases through infra-cartilago ensiformis transhepatic route, and 6 cases through transsplenic approach. Nine cases took scheduled operation, and 8 cases under emergency operation. According to blood flow rate and variceal internal diameter, the proportion 1：4 of NBCA and lipiodol was selected for the embolization. The survival and symptom relief of the patients were followed up. Results All cases were successfully engaged in embolization with NBCA, with all varices disappeared on post-operation angiography and CT enhancement scanning during follow-up. Pressure of portal vein rised 3 cm H2O after operation with one case having with transient irritable cough. The average survival time was over 5 months during 3-12 months follow-up. Four cases died postoperatively because of hepatic function exhaustion. Conclusion Utilization of NBCA in obliteration for gastric bleeding varices is effective, feasible and reliable; with less complication. Keeping strict indications would surely raise the long-term efficacy.