玉米抗旱播种方式研究

STUDY ON SOWING PATTERNS OF MAIZE FOR DROUGHT-RESISTANCE

缺苗断垄,严重影响玉米增产。播种时土壤干旱是造成玉米缺苗的主要原因。我省耕地土壤质地大多粘重,土壤水分极易蒸发散失。因此,应据天气与土壤湿度确定耕作方法,湿则翻耕,干则扳茬点种,推行少耕保墒技术。至于玉米的播种方法,宜改变传统的挖窝后先下灰肥再点籽为挖窝后先点籽再盖灰土,以便使种子与湿润灰肥密接,可提早出苗,提高出苗率25％。另外,在传统播种方式的基础上于挖窝丢灰点籽后再用脚踏镇压,然后复土,也可改善种床土壤水份供应状况,使玉米出苗率提高10％以上。

Serious missing plants and unfilled rows are important factors affecting maize yield while drough occures in spring. The soil in the province is mostly clay, with moisture lost easily by evaporation. So, weather and soil moisture condition should be taken into consideration when a choice is made about farming systems. If the soil is wet the land should be ploughed before sowing. When the soil is dry, a way of seeding without turning up the soil should be taken. So,the conventional seeding system (while is characterized by digging up a pit, then putting the ash fertilizer in, and after that putting the seed on the ash)should be changed with seedput in the pit first and with ash fertilizer and soil covering the seeds, so as to make the seeds in good contact with the wet ask fertilizer. The improved seeding brings about an earlier emergence of seedling and increases the emergence rate by 25%. Besides, the conventional seeding can also be improved by trotting with foot after seeding and convering soil seqentially which improves the waters supply and increases emergence rate of seedling by over 10%.