杭州市中小企业职业卫生管理体系调查及对策研究

Investigation and Counter Measure on Occupational Health Management System of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Hangzhou City

目的为了解杭州市中小企业职业卫生管理体系现状及其基本特征,对辖区内已申报职业病危害的企业进行了职业卫生管理体系的调查和研究,为中小企业建立科学、有效的职业卫生管理机制提供依据。方法采取对企业职业卫生分管人员进行问卷调查的方式,了解企业的基本情况、管理体系认证、职业病危害特征,职业卫生管理机构、职业卫生分管人员业务素质和培训情况、以及企业医疗机构的设置等内容并进行统计分析。结果①杭州市中小企业的职业卫生管理机构形式多样,大型企业、外资和港澳台企业将职业卫生工作纳入安全、环保和职业健康部门管理的企业为最多,分别占57.1%和30.6%。小型企业则多数在企业行政部门分管;②被调查的186家企业,通过HSAS18001管理体系认证的仅为7.5%,小型企业为5.9%。小型企业未经管理体系认证的为最多,占36.3%。③企业职业卫生分管人员多数为兼职人员、占总数的80.5%。平均每千名职工拥有医务人员数为1.84.低于1992年全国乡镇企业调查的平均拥有数;④小型企业分管人员学历为高中或中专学历的占68.5%,无职称人员占71.2%。结论小型企业的职业卫生管理机构不健全、管理人员文化和业务素质较低。为促进中小企业的健康可持续发展,防治和降低职业病的发生,必须大力推进中小企业的HSAS18001管理体系的认证,帮助和指导小企业建立健全职业卫生管理工作机构和制度。同时国家应尽快建立企业职业卫生分管人员的入门资格考试和任职培训制度。

Objective To study the current situation of occupational health management system and basic characteristic of small and mdimn-sized enterprises of Hangzhou, and to provide scientific, effective mechanism of occupational health management system for the small and medium-sized enterprises. Methods We designed and distributed questionnaires which included enterprise＇ s basic characteristic, authentication of management system, the feature of occupational disease hazards, the health management organization, professional skills and training of the head of occupational health and medical organization in the enterprise and so on to enterprises who notified occupational disease hazards, then the materials were collected and statistically analyzed. Results The organization of occupational heahh management of the small and medimn-sized enlerprises are various. 57.1% of large-seale enterprises and 30.6% of foreign-invested and Hangkong, Macao and Tai wan-invested enterprises put the occupational health work into the security, environmental protection and occupational heallh department of the enterprises; Among the 186 enterprises investigated, 7.5% of enterprises and 5.9% of small-seale enterprises pass the authentication of ttSAS18001 management system. There are also 36.3% of small-scale enterprises do not pass any authentication; 80.5% of heads of occupational health were part-time, and every thousand workers have 1.84 medical workers on average; there are 68.5% of heads of occupational health hold the high school or special secondary school education in small enterprise, and 71.2% of persons have no professional title. Conclusions The occupational health management organization of the small business is imperfect, and administrative staff＇s cultural and professional competences are relatively low. We must advance the authentication of HSAS18001 to set up an effective institution to promote the healthy, sustainable development of small and mediumsized enterprises, reduce occupational diseases. We also need an ABC of qualifying examination and holding a post-training system.